iimveliso

Umnatha omncinci wegadi, isigqubuthelo semifuno ukukhusela izinambuzane
Ukhetho lwenethi yezinambuzane:
Njengohlobo olutsha lwezixhobo zokugquma kwezolimo, umnatha wokuthintela izinambuzane udla ngokufumaneka kwi-25, 30, 40, 50, 60 mesh kunye nezinye izinto ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo, kwaye umbala wahlulwe waba mhlophe, isilivere-grey, njl.
Iinkcukacha zenethi yezinambuzane kufuneka zimiselwe ngokwenjongo yokusetyenziswa, njengothintelo lwezinambuzane okanye uthintelo lweqabaka, uthintelo lokuwisa iziqhamo kunye nokuthintela imvula.
Ngokuqhelekileyo khetha umnatha omhlophe wezinambuzane ezingama-40.Xa isetyenziselwa ukufuya izithole ezingenayo ityhefu, i-meshes engama-60 inokukhethwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba yedwa kunye nokulawula intsholongwane kunye nezinambuzane ezihambisa iintsholongwane ezifana ne-psyllids kunye ne-aphids.
Owona msebenzi uphambili wokugquma umnatha wezinambuzane:
1. Vimba izinto eziphilayo zangaphandle
Ngokobukhulu bomngxuma wayo, iminatha yezinambuzane evalela izinto eziphila kumazwe angaphandle inokudlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuthinteleni izinambuzane ezitshabalalisayo, iintaka neempuku ezonakalisa izityalo.Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ngenxa yotshintsho kwiinkqubo zokutyala kunye nokulima, ukuhlaziywa kweentlobo kunye nokutshintsha kwemozulu, iintlobo, ukusabalalisa kunye nomonakalo wezinambuzane ze-citrus nazo ziye zatshintsha ngokuhambelanayo.Kukwakho nezinambuzane ezitshabalalisayo, izinambuzane zescale, iimpukane ezimhlophe, iintwala kunye namagqabi asebenza kwimigodi.Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, umonakalo owenziwe yicanker kwimimandla yemveliso esemazantsi ubonise ukucotha okunyukayo.
Itekhnoloji yokugquma ngomnatha wokuthintela izinambuzane yenye yamanyathelo abalulekileyo okuphumeza izithole ze-citrus ezingenantsholongwane kunye neminye imithi yeziqhamo.Isetyenziswa ikakhulu ukuthintela ukwenzeka kunye nokusasazeka kwezinambuzane ezinetyhefu ezifana nentwala ye-citrus kunye ne-citrus psyllids, kunye nokuqinisekisa imveliso ekhuselekileyo yezithole ezingenantsholongwane zemithi yeziqhamo.Iimvavanyo zibonisa ukuba phantsi kwemeko ye-40 yeminatha yokulawula inambuzane, inani le-psyllids, izigcawu ezibomvu kunye nabasebenzi basezimayini kwindlu yomnatha bancinci kakhulu kunabo bangaphandle, ebonisa ukuba umnatha wokulawula izinambuzane unokusetyenziswa njengendlela esebenzayo ukunciphisa izinambuzane.Inani lezinambuzane zesitrasi.
Isiphumo sothintelo lwesifo somnatha wezinambuzane sibonakaliswa ikakhulu ekwahlukaneni kweendlela zosulelo lwentsholongwane, iindlela zokuvelisa amachiza kunye neendlela zokuhlasela izinambuzane ezinetyhefu, ngaloo ndlela zithintela ngokufanelekileyo kwaye zinciphisa ukuvela kunye nokwenzakala kwezinambuzane ezindala.Ukuya kumlinganiselo othile, unokuthintela ukwenzeka kwezinye izifo zebhaktheriya kunye nefungal (ezifana ne-anthracnose).ICanker sisifo sesibini esosulelayo esixhaphakileyo ekulinyweni kwesitrasi emva kweHuanglongbing.Ezona ndlela zosulelo ngumoya, imvula, abantu nezinambuzane.Njengendawo ezimeleyo ngokwentelekiso, umnatha wokulawula izinambuzane awunciphisi nje ngokusebenzayo ukuphindaphindeka kosasazo olungengokwenziwa, kodwa ukwanciphisa kakhulu ukusasazeka kwecanker ngenxa yokwahlukaniswa kweyona ndlela iphambili yosulelo lohlaselo lwezinambuzane zabantu abadala ezisasaza iintsholongwane.Uvavanyo lothelekiso phakathi komnatha kunye nendawo evulekileyo lubonisa ukuba izehlo zesifo somhlaza ziyohluka ngaphezu kwe-80% phakathi kwe-citrus ekhuliswe ngomnatha wezinambuzane kunye nendawo yokulawula ibala elivulekileyo ngaphandle komnatha wezinambuzane.
2. Ukuphucula ubushushu kunye nokukhanya kwinethiwekhi
Ukugquma umnatha wezinambuzane kunokunciphisa ukukhanya kokukhanya, ukulungelelanisa ubushushu bomhlaba kunye nobushushu bomoya kunye nokufuma, kwaye kwangaxeshanye kunokunciphisa imvula kwigumbi lomnatha, ukunciphisa ukuphuphuma kwamanzi kwigumbi lomnatha, kunye nokunciphisa ukuhamba kwe-citrus. amagqabi.I-Citrus Rutaceae.Uthanda imozulu eshushu kunye nefumileyo, ukumelana nokubanda okuqinileyo.Imithi yeziqhamo ehlala eluhlaza kunye neTropiki.Ukukhula, ukukhula, iintyatyambo kunye neziqhamo zihambelana ngokusondeleyo neemeko zokusingqongileyo ezifana nobushushu, ukukhanya kwelanga, ukufuma, umhlaba, umoya, ukuphakama, kunye nomhlaba.ezinxulumene.ICitrus sisityalo esine-semi-negative enoluhlu olubanzi lokuziqhelanisa nokukhanya kwelanga.Ukukhanya kokukhanya yi-10000-40000 lx, kwaye iiyure zonyaka zokukhanya kwelanga malunga neeyure ze-1000-2700, ezinokuhlangabezana neemfuno zokukhula kwe-citrus.
3. Uthintelo kunye nonyango lwe-Huanglongbing
Okwangoku, i-Huanglongbing iye yaba sisifo esiyingozi esichaphazela uphuhliso kunye nokwakheka kweshishini lehlabathi lesitrasi.Emazantsi eTshayina, ngaphambi kokuba kwenziwe impumelelo entsha ekuthinteleni nasekulawuleni itekhnoloji ye-Huanglongbing, ukulawulwa kwee-psyllids kuye kwaba yinto ebalulekileyo ekulawuleni ukusasazeka kwe-Huanglongbing, echatshazelwa yimiba efana nophuhliso loqoqosho lwengingqi kunye noluntu, ulawulo lwegadi yeziqhamo, ubume kunye isakhiwo.Umgangatho wabasebenzi basemaphandleni.I-Psyllid kuphela kwevector yendalo yothumelo lwe-Huanglongbing, ngoko ke ulawulo lwe-psyllid lubaluleke kakhulu.I-citrus psyllid inezinga eliphezulu losulelo lwesifo (izinga lokusuleleka kwesifo kwi-psyllid enye yi-70% ukuya kwi-80%), inamandla okufuduka kunye nokukwazi ukuzala ngokukhawuleza, kwaye iyamelana neentlobo ezahlukeneyo zokubulala izinambuzane.enye yeendlela ezisebenzayo.
4. Thintela ukuwa kweziqhamo
Ehlotyeni eMzantsi China, iintlekele zemozulu ezifana nemvula enkulu kunye nezaqhwithi zenzeke rhoqo.Ukuba igqunywe ngeminatha yezinambuzane, inokunciphisa ukuwisa kweziqhamo okubangelwa yimvula enkulu, ngakumbi ngexesha lokuwa kweziqhamo.Isiphumo sokuthintela ukuwa kweziqhamo sibonakala ngakumbi.Iziphumo zovavanyo zikaFan Shulei et al.bonisa ukuba unyango lokugquma iminatha yezinambuzane lunokunyusa kakhulu izinga leziqhamo ezithengiswayo kwaye linciphise kakhulu izinga lokuhla kweziqhamo.
I-5, imarike yentengiso, ugcino lwesitrasi
Kwinetha yokulawula inambuzane, intwasahlobo iya kufudumala kwangethuba, i-phenotype ye-orenji ye-navel iya kuba kwiintsuku ezi-5 ukuya kwezi-7 ngaphambili, kwaye isiqhamo esitsha siya kuba kwiintsuku ezisi-7 ukuya kwezi-10 ngaphambili, kwaye ixesha eliphakamileyo liya kugungxulwa, elinokwandisa isiqhamo. ingeniso yamafama eziqhamo nokudala ixabiso eliphezulu.Ukugquma ngomaleko wefilim kunokonyusa ubushushu kwishedi nge-2 ukuya kwi-3 °C, kwandise ixesha lonikezelo lweziqhamo ezitsha, ukuqonda intengiso ekwincopho yemalike, kwaye uthintele ilahleko engeyomfuneko ebangelwa lixesha lokuphakama.
6. Ikhusi emoyeni nasemvuleni
Umnatha wokuthintela izinambuzane unemesh encinci, amandla omatshini aphezulu, kunye nefuthe elihle lemozulu.Kwimveliso, izinto zesakhelo kunye nemithi yeziqhamo zihlala zikhukuliseka ngenxa yomoya ogqithisayo.Ukugquma iminatha yezinambuzane ezingama-25 kunokunciphisa isantya somoya nge-15% ~ 20%, kwaye ukusebenzisa i-meshes engama-30 kunokwehlisa isantya somoya ngama-20% ~25%.Isichotho kunye nemvula enkulu ehlotyeni inokubangela umonakalo ngoomatshini kwimithi yeziqhamo.Ukugquma umnatha wezinambuzane kunokuthintela isichotho ekubeni sichaphazele imithi yeziqhamo kunye nokunciphisa amandla eemvula.