iindaba

Indima yeumnatha wezinambuzane:
ICitrus ngowona mthi mkhulu weziqhamo ezihlala ziluhlaza ehlabathini.Uphononongo lubonise ukuba ukusebenzisa iminatha yokuthintela izinambuzane kunokunciphisa kakhulu ukusetyenziswa kwezitshabalalisi, nto leyo eluncedo kuphuhliso lwezolimo lwe-ecology kwaye yenye yobuchwepheshe obuphambili kwinkqubo yemveliso yeemveliso zezolimo ezingangcolisekanga.Isigqubuthelo senethi esikhusela izinambuzane singasetyenziselwa ukuthintela iqabaka, imvula, ukuwa kweziqhamo, izinambuzane neentaka, njalo njalo. Kwangaxeshanye, inokuqinisekisa isivuno kunye nomgangatho weziqhamo kwaye yandise inzuzo yezoqoqosho.Kangangokuba, ukugqunywa komnatha wokuthintela izinambuzane kunokuba ngumzekelo omtsha wokulima indawo yokulima imithi yeziqhamo.
Umsebenzi ophambili wokugquma iminatha yezinambuzane
1. Vimba izinto eziphilayo zangaphandle
Ngokobukhulu bomngxunya wawo, umnatha wokuthintela izinambuzane ukuvala izinto eziphila kumazwe angaphandle unokudlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuthinteleni izinambuzane ezitshabalalisayo, iintaka neempuku ezonakalisa izityalo.Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ngenxa yokutshintsha kwenkqubo yokutyala kunye nokulima, ukuhlaziywa kweentlobo kunye nokutshintsha kwemozulu, iintlobo, ukusabalalisa kunye nomonakalo wezinambuzane ze-citrus nazo zitshintshile ngokufanelekileyo.Kusenjalo izinambuzane ezitshabalalisayo, izinambuzane zescale, iimpukane ezimhlophe, iintwala kunye namagqabi asebenza kwimigodi.Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, umonakalo owenziwe yi-canker kwimimandla yemveliso esemazantsi uye wanda kancinci.
Ubuchwephesha bokugquma ngomnatha wokuthintela izinambuzane lelinye lamanyathelo abalulekileyo okuphumeza ukuzala kwezithole ze-citrus kunye neminye imithi yeziqhamo ngaphandle kwentsholongwane.Isetyenziswa ikakhulu ukulawula ukwenzeka kunye nokusasazeka kwezinambuzane ezithwalwa yintsholongwane ezifana ne-citrus aphids kunye ne-citrus psyllids, ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuveliswa okukhuselekileyo kwezithole zemithi yeziqhamo ezingenantsholongwane.Iimvavanyo zibonise ukuba inani le-psyllids, izigcawu ezibomvu kunye nabasebenzi basezimayini kwigumbi lomnatha lincinci kakhulu kunelo lingaphandle phantsi kwemeko ye-40 ye-mesh yokulawula izinambuzane, ebonisa ukuba umnatha wezinambuzane unokusetyenziswa njengendlela efanelekileyo yokunciphisa. inani lezinambuzane zesitrasi.
Isiphumo sothintelo lwesifo somnatha wolawulo lwezinambuzane lubonakaliswa ikakhulu ekuhlukaniseni iindlela zokusasazwa kwentsholongwane, ukuveliswa kweziyobisi kunye nokuhlaselwa kwezinambuzane ezinetyhefu, ukuze kuthintelwe ngempumelelo kwaye kuncitshiswe inkangeleko kunye nokwenzakala kwezinambuzane zabantu abadala.Ukuya kumlinganiselo othile, unokuthintela ukwenzeka kwezinye izifo zebhaktheriya kunye nefungal (ezifana ne-anthracnose).ICanker sisifo esosulelayo esikwindawo yesibini emva kwe-Huanglongbing ekulimeni kwesitrasi.Iindlela zayo zosulelo zohlulwe ikakhulu zibe ngumoya, imvula, usulelo lwabantu kunye nezinambuzane.Njengendawo ezimeleyo ngokwentelekiso, iminatha yezinambuzane ayinciphisi ngokufanelekileyo kuphela i-artificial Ukuphindaphinda kosulelo, kwaye ngenxa yokuba eyona ndlela iphambili yosulelo lwezinambuzane zabantu abadala bezinambuzane ezisasaza intsholongwane yodwa, ukuhanjiswa kwentsholongwane ye-canker kuncitshiswe kakhulu.Uvavanyo lothelekiso phakathi kwenethi kunye nebala elivulekileyo lubonise ukuba iziganeko zesifo se-canker zahluke ngaphezu kwe-80% phakathi kwe-citrus etyalwe kumnatha wokulawula izinambuzane kunye nendawo yokulawula ibala elivulekileyo ngaphandle komnatha wokulawula izinambuzane.
2. Ukuphucula ubushushu kunye nokukhanya kwinethiwekhi
Ukugquma umnatha wokukhusela izinambuzane kunokunciphisa ukukhanya, ukulungelelanisa ubushushu bomhlaba kunye nobushushu bomoya kunye nokufuma, kwaye kwangaxeshanye, kunokunciphisa imvula kwigumbi le-net, kunciphise ukuphuphuma kwamanzi kwigumbi lomnatha, kunye nokunciphisa imvula. ukugqithiswa kwamagqabi e-citrus.ICitrus sisityalo sosapho lweRutaceae.Ithanda imozulu efudumeleyo nefumileyo kwaye iyakwazi ukumelana nengqele.Ngumthi wesiqhamo esihlala siluhlaza kwaye sihlala siluhlaza.Ukukhula nokukhula kwayo, iintyatyambo kunye neziqhamo zinxulumene ngokusondeleyo neemeko zokusingqongileyo ezifana nobushushu, ukukhanya kwelanga, ukufuma, umhlaba, umoya, ukuphakama kunye nomhlaba.ezinxulumene.ICitrus sisityalo esine-semi-negative kwaye inoluhlu olubanzi lokuziqhelanisa nokukhanya kwelanga.Ukukhanya kokukhanya yi-10,000-40,000 lx, kwaye iiyure zonyaka zokukhanya kwelanga malunga neeyure ze-1,000-2,700, ezinokuhlangabezana neemfuno zokukhula kwe-citrus.

Ukukhanya okusasaziweyo kunenzuzo yokuphucula i-photosynthesis, kodwa ukukhanya okuthe ngqo okunamandla akusoloko kukulungele ukukhula kwe-citrus, kwaye kulula ukubangela ukutshiswa kweziqhamo kunye namasebe kunye namagqabi.Emva kokugquma umnatha wokuthintela izinambuzane, ubushushu bomoya wangaphakathi womnatha phantsi kohlobo ngalunye lwemozulu lwaluphezulu kunolo lolawulo ngexesha elirekhodiweyo.Nangona awona maqondo obushushu aphezulu nawona aphantsi kwigumbi elinetha ayephezulu kunalawo olawulo, ukonyuka kwakungabonakali, nto leyo ebonisa ukuba umphumo wokugquma iminatha yezinambuzane wawumncinci.Ngelo xesha, ngokubhekiselele kumswakama, emva kokugubungela umnatha wobungqina bezinambuzane, umswakama ohambelana nomoya wangaphakathi kwi-net uphezulu kunolawulo, phakathi kwawo umswakama uphezulu kakhulu kwiintsuku zemvula, kodwa umehluko. lelona lincinci kwaye ukwanda kokona kuphantsi.Emva kokuba ukufuma okuhambelanayo kwigumbi lomnatha kwandisiwe, ukugqithiswa kwamagqabi e-citrus kunokuncitshiswa.Amanzi achaphazela ukukhula komgangatho weziqhamo ngenxa yokuna kwemvula kunye nokufuma komoya.Xa imiba yendalo ilungile ekukhuleni nasekuphuhleni kweziqhamo, umgangatho wesiqhamo ulungile.
3. Ukuthintelwa kweHuanglongbing
Okwangoku, i-Huanglongbing iye yaba sisifo esiyingozi esichaphazela uphuhliso kunye nokwakheka kweshishini lehlabathi lesitrasi.Emazantsi eTshayina, ngaphambi kokuba kwenziwe impumelelo entsha ekuthinteleni nasekulawuleni itekhnoloji ye-Huanglongbing, ulawulo lwee-psyllids luye lwaba yinto ebalulekileyo ekulawuleni ukusasazeka kwe-Huanglongbing ngenxa yophuhliso loqoqosho lwengingqi kunye nophuhliso lwentlalo, imo yolawulo lwegadi yeziqhamo, kunye nesakhiwo kunye nophuhliso lwentlalontle. umgangatho wabasebenzi basemaphandleni.I-Psyllids kuphela kwe-vector yendalo yothumelo lwe-Huanglongbing, ngoko ke uthintelo kunye nolawulo lwee-psyllids kubaluleke kakhulu.I-Citrus psyllid inosulelo oluphezulu lwezifo (izinga losulelo lwesifo kwi-psyllid enye yi-70% ukuya kuma-80%), isakhono sokufuduka kunye nokuzala ngokukhawuleza, kwaye iye yaphuhlisa ukuxhathisa kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezitshabalalisi… yenye yeendlela ezisebenzayo zokuthintela nokulawula iHuanglongbing.
4. Uthintelo lokuwisa iziqhamo
Ehlotyeni laseMzantsi China, zininzi iintlekele zemozulu ezifana nezaqhwithi zemvula kunye nezaqhwithi.Ukuba umnatha wokuthintela izinambuzane usetyenziselwa ukugquma, unokunciphisa ukuwisa kweziqhamo okubangelwa sisiphango, ngakumbi kwixesha lokuwa kweziqhamo.Isiphumo sokuthintela ukuwa kweziqhamo sibonakala ngakumbi.Iziphumo zovavanyo zikaFan Shulei kunye nabanye zibonise ukuba unyango lokugquma iminatha yezinambuzane lunokunyusa kakhulu izinga leziqhamo zorhwebo kwaye linciphise kakhulu iziqhamo.
I-5, imarike yentengiso, ugcino lwesitrasi
Kumnatha wokulawula izinambuzane, intwasahlobo ithatha kwangoko, inkaba ye-orenji i-phenotype yi-5 ukuya kwiintsuku ezi-7 ngaphambili, kwaye isiqhamo esitsha si-7 ukuya kwiintsuku ezili-10 ngaphambili, kwaye ixesha lexesha eliphakamileyo liyancipha, elinokunyusa ingeniso yamafama eziqhamo kunye neziqhamo. yenza ixabiso eliphezulu.Ukugquma umnatha ngomnye umaleko wefilim kunokonyusa ubushushu kwishedi nge-2 ukuya kwi-3 °C, kwandise ixesha lonikezelo lweziqhamo ezitsha, ukuqonda uluhlu lwentengiso oluguquguqukayo, kwaye uthintele ilahleko engeyomfuneko ngenxa yamaxesha aphezulu.
6, ikhusi, umoya
Umnatha wokukhusela izinambuzane une-mesh encinci kunye namandla aphezulu omatshini, ngoko unesiphumo esihle sokuthintela ukukhukuliseka komoya kunye nesiphango.Kwimveliso, ngenxa yomoya ogqithiseleyo, izinto zefreyimu kunye nemithi yeziqhamo zihlala zikhukuliseka.Ukugqunywa ngenethi yezinambuzane ezingama-25 kunokwehlisa isantya somoya nge-15% ukuya kwi-20%, kwaye ukusebenzisa i-30 mesh kunganciphisa isantya somoya ngama-20% ukuya kuma-25%.Isichotho nemvula ehlotyeni zibangela umonakalo owenziwe ngoomatshini kwimithi yeziqhamo.Ukugquma ngomnatha wokuthintela izinambuzane kunokuthintela isichotho ekubeni sichaphazele imithi yeziqhamo kunye nokunciphisa amandla emvula.Emva kwemvula, imozulu ngokukhawuleza iphinde ibe nelanga, iqondo lokushisa liphakama, kwaye ukufuma kwezityalo kungalingani kakhulu, okuhlala kubangela iingcambu ezibolileyo.I-insect-proof coverage inokuthintela utshintsho olukhawulezayo kwiqondo lokushisa le-microclimate kwi-shed kunye nokunciphisa umonakalo ongathanga ngqo wemvula kunye nemozulu yelanga.